s = Density of Soil = 156. Absorption, which is also determined by the same test procedure, is a measure of the amount of water that an aggregate can absorb into its pore structure. Correct and accurate bulk specific gravity determinations are vital to proper mix design. Home Science Classical Physics. 6. Q.2: Why unit weight of water is taken at 4C. Wash the aggregate retained on the No. It is also used to derive several important soil parameters such as the porosity, the dry and saturated density and the degree of saturation. Specific gravity can also indicate possible material contamination. w = Density of Water. $\gamma_s = G\gamma_w$, $\dfrac{W_s}{V_s} \cdot \dfrac{W_w}{W_w} = G\gamma_w$, $\dfrac{W_w}{V_s} \cdot \dfrac{W_s}{W_w} = G\gamma_w$, $\dfrac{W_w}{V_s} \cdot \dfrac{1}{W_w/W_s} = G\gamma_w$, $\dfrac{\gamma_w V_w}{V_s} \cdot \dfrac{1}{w} = G\gamma_w$, $\dfrac{V_w}{V_s} \cdot \dfrac{1}{w} = G$, $\dfrac{V_w}{V_s} \cdot \dfrac{V_v}{V_v} = Gw$, $\dfrac{V_w}{V_v} \cdot \dfrac{V_v}{V_s} = Gw$. Measure the length and diameter of the metal cylinders. When dealing with soil samples, the average particle density of soil is 2.66 g/ (cm^3). The specific gravity of soil can be calculated by using the following formula, G = Mass of soil / Mass of equal volume of water, G = Mass of soil / Mass of equal volume of water, Mass of the same volume of water, Ww = (W1 + Ws) W2. In practice, porosity is normally calculated using the formula: [latex]\text{Porosity, }=1-\frac{_\text{b}}{_\text{p}}[/latex]. The specific weight, , of a material is defined as the product of its density, , and the standard gravity, g: =g{\displaystyle \gamma =\rho \,g} The densityof the material is defined as massper unit volume, typically measured in kg/m3. Return any soil sample remaining in beaker to sample storage container and dry clean beaker. Units of density are typically expressed in g cm3 or Mg m-3. Specific Gravity of Solids The specific gravity of soil particles (G) is defined as the ratio of the mass of a given volume of solids to the mass of an equal volume of water at 4 C. G = ? The most common method (and the one described in the Test Description section), calculates the specimen volume by subtracting the mass of the specimen in water (Figure 2) from the mass of a SSD specimen. Soil is composed of solids, liquids, and gases. Web page on the Troxler web site. Porosity, n Weight of soil after dry in oven: 45.5 kg. A = Air Content, percentage (%) e = void ratio (ratio of volume of voids to the volume of solids), no units G s = specific gravity (the ratio of the density of the soil to the density of water), no units I D = density index (relative density), percentage (%) n = porosity (ratio of the volume of voids to the total volume), percentage (%) Download Solution PDF. Nickzom Calculator The Calculator Encyclopedia is capable of calculating the specific gravity of soil particle. If more than 2 percent water by volume is absorbed by the sample then this method is not appropriate. Although it avoids problems associated with the SSD condition, it is often inaccurate because it assumes a perfectly smooth surface, thereby ignoring surface irregularities (i.e., the rough surface texture of a typical specimen). G= Specific gravity of soils. When a gamma ray source of primary energy in the Compton range is placed near a material, and an energy selective gamma ray detector is used for gamma ray counting, the scattered and unscattered gamma rays with energies in the Compton range can be counted exclusively. G S should not be confused with the soil density since it is a dimensionless unit and expresses the ratio of two particular densities. The equation used to calculate specific gravity is the weight of a dry sample in air divided by the weight of the sample in air minus the weight of the sample in water (i.e., the weight of water displaced by the sample). The difference in weights can then be used to calculate the weight of water displaced, which can be converted to a volume using the specific gravity of water. Given that the specific gravity of soil particle is 12 and the density of soil is 156. The determination of the specific gravity method is as follows: The measuring flask with 1000ml capacity is weighed for the determination of its empty weight denoted by W 1. The shrinkage limit of the specimen will be (adopt = 1.0 gm/cc) This question was previously asked in. Calculate the moisture content of the samples: Calculate the dry weight of the soil in each cylinder and record the data. For instance, if a quarry operation constantly monitors the specific gravity of its output aggregate, a change in specific gravity beyond that normally expected could indicate the quarrying has moved into a new rock formation with significantly different mineral or physical properties. Absorption can be used as an indicator of aggregate durability as well as the volume of asphalt binder it is likely to absorb. In this method the specimen is wrapped in a thin paraffin film (Figure 4) and then weighed in and out of water. This implies that; m = Mass of the Soil = 24 V = Volume of the Soil = 6 s b = m / V s b = 24 / 6 s b = 4 The specimens may have been molded in the laboratory or cut or cored form compacted pavements. Examples of suitable units have been shown below. V = Volume of the Soil w = water content or moisture content, Density of water and gravitational constantw = 1000 kg/m3w = 1 g/ccw = 62.4 lb/ft3 The following formula is used to calculate the specific gravity of a material. You can also try thedemoversion viahttps://www.nickzom.org/calculator. The specific gravity of solids, G is determined using following equation: G= (M2-M1)/[(M2-M1)-(M3-M4)] Where M 1 = mass of empty pycnometer M 2 = mass of pycnometer and dry soil M 3 = mass of pycnometer, soil, and water M 4 = mass of pycnometer filled with water only. The sample will be held in the longer cylinder; the two 1.5 cm rings are spacers, which help ensure an undisturbed soil sample. Aggregate absorption can also vary widely depending upon aggregate type. ASK AN EXPERT. The ratios given in the equations are then simply the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water, which is specific gravity. W b = Weight of Pycnometer filled with water and soil. Selected Topics. Lets solve an example; The complete procedure can be found in: Other standard tests available to determine bulk specific gravity that are not described in this section are: A compacted HMA sample (usually a SGC compacted laboratory sample or a field-obtained HMA core) is weighed dry, saturated surface dry (SSD) and submerged (Figure 1). The jar is now included with 100ml of mineral water. Volume of voids, $V_v = \dfrac{eV}{1 + e}$, Volume of solids, $V_s = \dfrac{V}{1 + e}$, Volume of water, $V_w = \dfrac{SeV}{1 + e}$, Weight of water, $W_w = \dfrac{SeV \gamma_w}{1 + e}$, Weight of soil, $W = \dfrac{V(G + Se)\gamma_w}{1 + e}$, Dry unit weight, $\gamma_d = \dfrac{\gamma_m}{1 + w}$. Measuring flask method Measuring flask is of 250 ml (or 500 ml) capacity . Your email address will not be published. Laboratory samples are typically dry at the beginning of the test; however, field samples will typically be damp. This sample size is based on nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS). The relative density (specific gravity) of an aggregate is the ratio of its mass to the mass of an equal volume of water. If the room temperature is different from 27 o C, the following correction should be done:-G' = kG where, G' = Corrected specific gravity at 27 o C = Weight of water present in the given soil mass. The coarse aggregate specific gravity test measures coarse aggregate weight under three different sample conditions: Using these three weights and their relationships, a samples apparent specific gravity, bulk specific gravity and bulk SSD specific gravity as well as absorption can be calculated. Android (Paid)https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.nickzom.nickzomcalculator Soil's specific surface area (s, m2/g): Depends on shape of soil particle. Question. For example, if spherical (r = radius and = density) . The bulk mass density of soil is defined as the ratio of total mass to total volume. Read More: Water Content of Soil Test Procedure, Result & Report, Specific Gravity Test of Soil IS Code: IS 2720-3-2 (1980). Specific gravity Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the weight of a given volume of soil solids at a given temperature to the weight of an equal volume of distilled water at that temperature, both weights being taken in air. In the apparent specific gravity calculation the mass of the SSD aggregate sample is replaced by the mass of the oven-dry aggregate sample (A replaces B), which means that the water permeable voids within the aggregate are not included and (A C) is the mass of water displaced by the oven-dry sample. Typically, aggregate used in HMA production will have a bulk specific gravity between about 2.400 and 3.000 with 2.700 being fairly typical of limestone. Android (Paid)https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=org.nickzom.nickzomcalculator Dry unit weight is the weight of dry soil per unit volume. Vs = Volume of solid particles Remove the aggregate from the water and dry it until it maintains a constant mass. Moisture content, usually expressed in terms of percentage, is the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids. The container overflow needs to work properly to compensate for the water displaced by the sample. One critical problem with this method is that if a specimens air voids are high, and thus potentially interconnected (for dense-graded HMA this occurs at about 8 to 10 percent air voids), water quickly drains out of them as the specimen is removed from its water bath, which results in an erroneously low HMA sample volume measurement and thus an erroneously high bulk specific gravity. The specific gravity (GS) of a soil refers to the ratio of the solid particles unit weight to the unit weight of water. $V = V_s + V_v$, volume of voids = volume of water + volume of air The volume of the box can be determined by multiplying the height of the box times its width and its depth. An introduction to density, specific weight and specific gravity. This indicates that all the water has left the sample. Now, Click on Soil Mechanics and Foundation underAgricultural, Now, Click on Bulk Density underSoil Mechanics and Foundation. Once, you have obtained the calculator encyclopedia app, proceed to theCalculator Map,then click onAgriculturalunderEngineering. Therefore, by definition, water at 73.4F (23C) has a specific gravity of 1. The following formulas are taken from unit weights of soil: $\rho_{sat} = \dfrac{(G + e)\rho_w}{1 + e}$, Where This is because asphalt binder that is absorbed by the aggregate is not available to coat the aggregate particle surface and is therefore not available for bonding. This method, the simplest, calculates the volume based on height and diameter/width measurements. s= Density of Soil. Bulk specific gravity is involved in most key mix design calculations including air voids, VMA and, indirectly, VFA. The specific gravity of soil can be calculated by using the following formula,G = Mass of soil / Mass of equal volume of water Where, Mass of Soil = Ws Mass of the same volume of water, Ww = (W1 + Ws) W2 Gs (T1 C) = Ws / Ww, Copyright [2019 - 2023] [Civiconcepts.com] | by [Bhushan Mahajan], 3040 House Plans | 1200 sq ft House Plan, Specific Gravity of Soil Test Procedure, Result & Calculation, General Specific Gravity of Soil Range for Various Soils, Determination of Specific Gravity Test of Soil, Calculation Of Specific Gravity Of Soil Sample, Specific Gravity of Soil at Various Temperature, Specific Gravity of Soil Lab Report Discussion, Water Content of Soil Test Procedure, Result & Report, Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test on Concrete, Soundness Test of Cement Procedure and Results, Abrasion Test on Aggregate & Its Procedure, Compressive Strength of Concrete Cube Test Result 7, 14, 28 Days, What To Do If Concrete Cube Fails After 28 days, Cement of Fineness: Definition, Importance, and How to Test It, 8 Different Types Of Mop With Pros & Cons, 5 Different Types of Chains In Civil Engineering, What Is Architecture | 8 Types of Architects | Different Types of Architecture | Top Architecture Types With Pictures, 8 Different Types of Air Conditioners With Pros & Cons, 30 Types Of Shed | Different Types Of Shed In Backyard | Types Of Backyard Shed | Best Shed Styles Designs, 12 Different Types of Gardens | Most Popular Types of Gardening | Top Garden Types With Pictures, Defects In Timber | Top Defects Of Timber | 5 Different Types of Defects In Timber | Foxiness In Timber, Different Types of Chimneys For Kitchens [Pros & Cons], 15 Types of Drywall Anchors | Different Types Of Wall Anchors | Dry Wall Anchors Types | Best Types of Wall Anchors For Wall, Types Of Gutters | 22 Different Types of Gutters | Rain Gutter Downspout | Best Types of Rain Gutter For House, Explore the 15 Different Types of Door Locks for Home Security, 8 Different Types of Kitchen Cabinets for Your Dream Kitchen, 12 Types of Rugs | Different Types of Rugs With Pictures | Best Types of Rug For Living Room | Best Rug For Bedroom, Different Types of Roof Overhang and Their Advantages, 15 Different Types of Fans For Home | Ceiling Fan Type, 10 Different Types of Stoves For Your Kitchen, 22 Different Types of Drill Bits and Their Uses [PDF], Thermometer graduated in O.soC division scale. A quick check of the results should show that bulk specific gravity is the lowest specific gravity, bulk SSD specific gravity is in the middle and apparent specific gravity is the highest. Where SG = specific gravity, = density of the material (kg/m 3 ), W = density of water ( kg/m 3 ). Gs = Specific Gravity of Soil Particle = 12 Standard Reference: ASTM D 854-00 - Standard Test for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids A = mass of oven-dry sample in air (g) Remove the vacuum, clean and dry the flask and add distilled water up to the mark. Based on the temperature of the water that was recorded in the last step, the density of the distilled water w is derived through specific tables (i.e.,w=998.23 kg/m3 atT=20C). These two (water and air) are called voids which occupy between soil particles. Carefully cut between the two shorter rings and the main core. v = volume of water / volume of bulk soil - ( m 3/m3) q v = q g r b /r l = r b q g 3. Equation for calculate bulk specific gravity is, G b = (W * D) / (W - I) Where, G b > = Bulk Specific Gravity. Place the core into a labeled, pre-weighed canister, and put on the lid. specific gravity, also called relative density, ratio of the density of a substance to that of a standard substance. Particle density refers to the mass of solids per volume of the solids alone. The flow of liquids and through soil is essential for the existence of plants and other soil organisms. Describe the relationship between 1) bulk density and porosity and 2) particle density and porosity. This method determines volume similarly to the water displacement method but uses a melted paraffin wax instead of water to fill a specimens internal air voids (Figure 3). Figure 5 shows major coarse aggregate specific gravity equipment. The formula for bulk density is (mass of dry soil) / (total volume of soil), 1 - (bulk density/particle density) for porosity, and (volume of pores) / (volume of solids) for void ratio.. S = Degree of saturation Once there are no visible signs of water film on the aggregate particle surfaces, determine the sample mass. W = Total weight of given soil mass. UNIT WEIGHT OF SOIL SOLIDS (? The formula for calculating specific gravity of soil particle: Gs= Specific Gravity of Soil Particle Remove all of sample within graduated cylinder. The general values for specific gravity for different soils are given in Table -1. Now, enter the values appropriately and accordingly for the parameters as required by the Density of water (w) is 22 andDensity of soil (s) is 11. The degree of saturation is normally expressed in a percentage. Calculate bulk density, particle density, and porosity using the following formulas. A change in aggregate mineral or physical properties can result in a change in specific gravity. ( w) The mean density of water (default is 1,000 kg/m 3) Requirements: The final specific gravity is calculated following the specific gravity of soil formulas in the test method, along with the density of water and temperature coefficient tables. These values are then used to calculate bulk specific gravity, bulk SSD specific gravity, apparent specific gravity and absorption. V = Total volume of the given soil mass. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. First, find the bulk density of the heavier soil sample. TheSpecific gravity of soil generally ranges from 2.60 to 2.90. Measuring Bulk Specific Gravity of Compacted Specimens Using The Troxler Model 3660 CoreReader. Immerse the aggregate in water at room temperature for a period of 15 to 19 hours (Figure 7). Calculate the specific gravity of the soil solids using the following formula: Specific Gravity (G s) = W o / (W o + (W a - W b )) W o = Weight of sample of oven-dry soil, g = W ps - W p. W a = Weight of Pycnometer filled with water. It is denoted by G. The difference between Gsb and bulk (SSD) specific gravity is the weight of aggregate used in the calculations. Add slightly more than 50 mL of the two soil samples to 50 mL beakers. Types: Absolute specific gravity Bulk specific gravity/apparent specific gravity Weigh and record graduated cylinder plus compact soil weight (C). The soil sample is dried in an oven at a temperature of 105C to 110C. w = Density of Water = 9. In materials science, bulk density, also called apparent density or volumetric density, is a property of powders, granules, and other "divided" solids, especially used in reference to mineral components (soil, gravel), chemical substances, (pharmaceutical) ingredients, foodstuff, or any other masses of corpuscular or particulate matter ().. The difference between Gsa and Gsb is the volume of aggregate used in the calculations. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. Drying should occur in an oven regulated at 230F (110C). $\gamma_{sat} = \dfrac{W_{sat}}{V_{sat}}$, $e = \dfrac{n}{1 - n}$ and $n = \dfrac{e}{1 + e}$, MATHalino - Engineering Mathematics Copyright 2023. g/cm3 ), including solids and pore spaces. Each test takes approximately 7 minutes to conduct excluding preparation time. However, of specific concern is the mass of the SSD sample. The screenshot below displays the page or activity to enter your values, to get the answer for the specific gravity of soil particle according to the respective parameters which is the Density of water (w)andDensity of soil (s). 3. If the specific gravity of soil grains is 2,65, the value of critical hydraulic gradient for the soil will be (Assume Yw = 10 kN/m) A sand sample has a bulk density of 20kN/m and a degree of saturation of 70%. Q.3: Give the formula to determine the specific gravity (Gs). Determine water content within a soil sample as a percentage, by drying the soil in the oven at 105oC for 24 hours. Absorptions above about 5 percent tend to make HMA mixtures uneconomical because extra asphalt binder is required to account for the high aggregate absorption. Some lightweight shales (not used in HMA production) can have absorptions approaching 30 percent, while other aggregate types can have near zero absorption. Theoretical models to predict the capacity of helical piles are based on Soil Mechanics and an appr Seequent, The Bentley Subsurface Company's, Create a free account and view content that fits your specific interests in geotechnical engineering. Here M is total mass and V is total volume. However, direct volume measurements are difficult, therefore weight measurements are usually made and then converted to a volume based on material specific gravities. Dry the sample to a saturated suface dry (SSD) condition. Therefore, by definition, water at a temperature of 73.4F (23C) has a specific gravity of 1. The coarse aggregate specific gravity test (Figure 1) is used to calculate the specific gravity of a coarse aggregate sample by determining the ratio of the weight of a given volume of aggregate to the weight of an equal volume of water. A cubic metre of it might weigh 1600 kg. The difference between Gsa, Gse and Gsb is the volume of aggregate used in the calculations. Low bulk density soils are easily compacted and may settle considerably to the detriment of roads, sidewalks, and building foundations. The bulk specific gravity test measures a HMA sample's weight under three different conditions (Figure 1): Dry (no water in sample). Soil density plays a major role both in plant growth and in engineering uses of soil. i av = N d at middle of heave soil prism /unit length pile. The driving weight is raised and dropped repeatedly to drive the sampler into the soil. The complete procedure can be found in: The mass of a coarse aggregate sample is determine in SSD, oven-dry and submerged states. 5.9.15 BULK SPECIFIC GRAVITY AND UNIT WEIGHT OF COMPACTED HOT MIX ASPHALT (HMA) (Kansas Test Method KT-15) 1. If the aggregate is not oven-dry to start, the existing water in the aggregate pore structrure may be able to penetrate further into the pores (AASHTO, 2000c. Soils are composed of a combination of solids (soil particles), liquids (soil water), and gases (soil atmosphere). The bulk mass density is also called the wet mass density or simply bulk density. The above values have been provided with both imperial and metric units. One method for determining bulk density is the core method. Lets solve an example; The specific gravity of soil is determined using the relation: Where M 1 =mass of empty Pycnometer, M 2 = mass of the Pycnometer with dry soil M 3 = mass of the Pycnometer and soil and water, M 4 = mass of Pycnometer filled with water only. Now, enter the values appropriately and accordingly for the parameters as required by the Mass of the soil (m)is 24 andVolume of the soil (V) is 6. On oven drying, the density drops to 1.74 gm/cc. The Specific Gravity of soils is usually between 2.65-2.80 with finer soils having higher values than coarser ones. Typically, aggregate used in HMA production will have a bulk specific gravity between about 2.400 and 3.000 with 2.700 being fairly typical of limestone. Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. (Troxler). Aggregate specific gravity is used in a number of applications including Superpave mix design, deleterious particle indentification and separation, and material property change identification. To derive the Specific Gravity of a soil, the following equipment is needed: The Specific Gravity is computed as the ratio of the weight in air of a given volume of soil particles at a stated temperature to the weight in air of an equal volume of distilled water at the same temperature. Paper towels may absorb water in the aggregate pores. SSD is defined as the specimen condition when the internal air voids are filled with water and the surface (including air voids connected to the surface) is dry. In this laboratory, additional physical properties will be measured, and their implications for land management will be discussed. It is an important parameter in soil mechanics for the calculation of the weight-volume relationship. Take an average of 3 values these values should not vary by more than 2 to 3%. This is because in the normal procedure the water may not be able to penetrate the pores to the center of the aggregate particle during the soaking time. Finally, specific gravity differences can be used to indicate a possible material change. Porosity is the ratio of the volume of the pores in a soil sample to the total volume of the sample: [latex]\text{Porosity, }=\frac{\text{volume of pores}}{\text{total soil volume}}[/latex]. Calculating the Mass of the Soil when the Bulk Density and the Volume of the Soil is Given. Porosity, the percent by volume of a soil sample not occupied by solids, is directly related to bulk density and particle density. Relative Density = Mass of the Aggregate / Mass of equal volume of water. Legal. Absorption should typically be below 2 percent. Determine the weight of dry soil in the sample. Coarse aggregate apparent specific gravity. Gs= Specific Gravity of Soil Particle However, of specific concern is the mass of the SSD sample. For instance, deleterious particles (Figure 2) are often lighter than aggregate particles and therefore, a large amount of deleterious material in an aggregate sample may result in an abnormally low specific gravity. Android (Free)https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.nickzom.nickzomcalculator The total pore space consists of the voids between sand, silt, and clay particles and voids between soil aggregates. As you can see from the screenshot above,Nickzom Calculator The Calculator Encyclopedia solves for the specific gravity of soil particle and presents the formula, workings and steps too. Lets solve an example; Back in the lab, weigh each canister plus moist soil. It is the Specific Gravity of Soil. Soil deposits consist of the soil particles and the void space between the particles. 5. Required fields are marked *. Between 20o C and 25o C the density of water is essentially 1 g/cm3. Also called buoyant density or buoyant unit weight (b). Porosity is the ratio of volume of voids to the total volume of soil. C = mass of SSD sample in water (g). The wet soil in the box weighed 450 g. The dry soil weighed 375 g. Now calculate the bulk density. Particle density is a measure of the mass of soil solids per given volume (g/cm3 ); however, pore space is not included as it is with bulk density. Your lab instructor will help you as needed. Particle density is approximated as 2.65 g/cm3 , although this number may vary considerably if the soil sample has a high concentration of organic matter, which would lower particle density, or high-density minerals such as magnetite, garnet, hornblende, etc. Ans: The unit weight of any material divided by the unit weight of distilled water. Specific gravity of solid particles of soil is the ratio of the unit weight of solids (s) to the unit weight of water (w). s /? s = Density of Soil. Use a soil spatula to level the top of the sample in the graduated cylinder and add soil with the spatula until the top of the soil sample is exactly even with the 50 mL line this is the bulk volume of compacted soil (B) (1 mL = 1 cm3 ). Soil density is relatively simple and cheap to measure. Remove the sampler from the soil by pushing against the handle until the vertical shaft of the handle is parallel to the soil surface. If the unit weight of soil is 50% saturated, then its bulk unit weight will be _____ If the unit weight of soil is 50% saturated, then its bulk unit weight will be ______ High bulk density soils are soils with little pore space, so water infiltration is reduced, root penetration is inhibited, and aeration is restricted - reducing agricultural productivity. When several samples are tested the test time per sample can be reduced. Take an average of 3 values these values should not vary by more than 2 to 3%. Required fields are marked *. Figure 6: CoreLok sample vacuum sealed in a plastic bag. Clean and dry the inside (above the water level) and the outer part of the flask and weigh it (, Use the funnel to carefully place the soil into the flask and weigh it (. 3-1. Now add exactly 50 mL of water to the graduated cylinder, record volume (E). Considerable preparation time may be necessary if contamination must be removed from the bottom of the sample. Grain size analysis is a typical laboratory test conducted in the soil mechanics field. When the soil contains particles larger than the 4.75-mm sieve, Test Method C127 shall be used for the soil solids retained on the 4.75-mm sieve and these test methods shall be used for the . Students will also learn to calculate soil porosity. An incorrect specific gravity value will result in incorrect calculated volumes and ultimately result in an incorrect mix design. V = Volume of soil Write a mathematical expression for these relationships. Find the mass of the soil when the bulk density is 10 and the volume of the soil is 4. sb = Bulk Density = 10 w= Density of Water Specific gravities can vary widely depending upon aggregate type. This laboratory entails a demonstration of the use of a soil density sampler, and a problem set that is focused on common soil density calculations.
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