It has been dated to c1208 BC in the orthodox chronology. The event in which they delivered Israel is not necessarily the beginning of their service as a judge, though it well could be that event which elevates them in status as was clearly the case with Gideon. With Jephthah in a reasonable place, we can move on to Abimilech and the judges that succeeded him. Amose makes his first campaign into Canaan and perhaps as far as Syria in the 22nd year of his reign. they have rejected Me, that I should not reign over them. The period of the judges came to an end when Israel went before Samuel and demanded a king (such as the other nations had). wauconda police blotter 2021; teamster retiree health insurance; changmin wife photo; frank slootman house; is niko omilana the mayor of london; After all the wars, this brought Jewish morale to a new low. 6. Add 40 years for the time in the wilderness, 40 years for David, and 4 for Solomon and the total is 534 54 years greater than the total given in I Kings. On the downside, he leaves out one judge (Tola) entirely and fails to provide a number for another (Abdon). Its good to linger on Shamgar though, for God used him to save Israel and continue the enaction of His plans to teach and have Israel learn about war. 2So it was that the ark remained in Kirjath Jearim a long time, it was there twenty years. 3Then Samuel spoke to all the house of Israel . The Early Period begins with the first oppression and first judge (Othniel) and continues through to the brief reign of Gideons son Abimilech, covering Judges 3:7 through the end of Chapter 8. It then provides the overall narrative pattern of the book: Israel forsakes the LORD and serves other gods, the LORD delivers them into the hands of an enemy, the people call on the LORD in their misery, and He sends a judge to deliver them. Abdon 12:13-15. The Canaan has been plundered into every sort of woe: Here we have Abimilech (3 years), Tola (23 years), and Jair (22 years). B-1025, Dev Atelier, Opp. Josephus was a first century AD Jew who wrote several works on Jewish history and religion for his Roman benefactor, most importantly his Antiquities of the Jews, a history of the people of Israel from creation to the time of the Jewish Revolt (69 AD). The verse says: And Samuel judged Israel all the days of his life (7:15). With that in mind, lets get started. "And he also delivered Israel." Shamgar slew of the Philistines six hundred men with an ox goad: and he also delivered Israel. If we place the sequence of Jephthah through Abdon end to end and immediately prior to Samson, we get the picture in Figure 3. Two tribes were dependent upon the Lord and concerned about acquiring the territory that belonged to them in the purpose of God, a very noble ideal. While Josephus interprets the space between events in this period as a reign length for the judge, I dont believe that is accurate. ELON the Zebulunite in Hebrew means: oak, strong Tribe of Zebulun 10 years 1075BC-1063BC Judges 12:9-10. His first wife was a Philistine. As vassals, the cities of the Philistine pentapolis would have been required to send tribute to Pharoah and their oppression of Israel may be seen simply as a way to acquire resources to meet their Pharaonic obligations. Jerub-Baal in Hebrew means: let baal contend. Toggle navigation beckton gas works railway; how to find ceres in your chart He then led the tribe of Ephraim to seize the fords of the Jordan, where they killed about 10,000 Moabite soldiers. Shamgar was full of God's Anointing. It is of note that Samuel (not God) named his two sons judges over Israel, and they took bribes and perverted justice (1 Samuel 8:1-3). However, we still have some missing pieces. 13. Ussher however seems to have ignored Jephthahs letter fixing the defeat of the Ammonites 300 years after the conquest of Gilead (299 years after the beginning of the conquest of Canaan). how many years did shamgar judge israel. Shamgar served as the third judge over Israel, after Othniel and Ehud. Not all of these judges are significant, with many being given a number of years with no account of anything that took place while they were a judge. Instead of one Jewish people there were twelve tribes who had a loose allegiance to each other. Shasu can loosely be translated as nomads, particularly cattle herders of the area of Palestine. If I, writing in 2021, were to say, Columbus (re)discovered America 500 years ago, you would not say that I was wrong, even though the actual number is 529 years, because you would recognize that I am giving a rounded number. TOLA in Hebrew means: crimson/warm color Tribe of Issachar Ruled for 23 years 1149BC-1129BC. For the current-day Israeli judge, see, https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/shamgar, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamgar&oldid=1132345328, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia without a Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Unclear; possibly Israelite, Canaanite, or both, at the first mention, Shamgar is identified as a man who repelled, This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 12:45. 11. 20:8) Then, by the water-drinking test, all but an alert and watchful 300 are eliminated. When aligned with the orthodox chronology for Egypt, this timeline presents the usual problems in alignment. This chronology is discussed at length by Dr. Floyd Nolen Jones[9]. Who was the 7th judge in the Bible? Jair What is interesting about this king is that his palace was at Jericho. Why did God give Israel "judges" (Acts 13:20) for the Tola Shamgar is not as compelling a character as, say, Gideon, or even Jephthah. In the New Chronology, the Exodus occurs under the Pharoah Dudimose (Manethos Tutimaeus) of the late Thirteenth Dynasty. Whether he killed them all at once or over many battles is unknown. He was also the same man who successfully struck down and defeated 600 Philistines using an ox goad as a weapon. We also know He is good, for He is God. Eli The main enemy was Midian, east of the Jordan. In chapters 1 through 21 are about a 300 to 350 year historical period that includes a repetitive cycle that Israel goes through as a result of their disobedience to the Word of God. In 1184 BC Barak comes to Deborah from Kedesh-Naphtali. We do not know much about her husband, whose name was Lapidus. Then all the elders of Israel gathered together and came to Samuel Elon judged Israel ten years (Judges 12:11). In its place had come national insecurity and distress. The vacuum of leadership created by the death Joshua led to all sorts of challenges. Lisa Loraine Baker is the multiple award-winning author of Someplace to be Somebody. Here are the options: I am going to dismiss Option 1 at this point as we still have 354 years[6] to fit in the 315 years between the entry into Canaan and Jephthah so we are still looking for some compression. As he grew up, the spirit of God beat within him (Judges 13:25). *** Bonus Trivia: The Spirit of the Lord is said to have come upon 4 of these judges: Othniel (Judg 3:10), Gideon (Judg 6:34), Jephthah (Judg 11:29), and Samson (Judg 13:25)(Judg 14:6,19)(Judg 15:14). Samuel He delivered Israel from the Philistines by killing six hundred men with an ox goad. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. He judged Israel for 23 years after Abimelech died. Toward the end of Elis lifetime, the Jewish people went to war with the Philistines (I Samuel 4). He can be found on the Biblical Timeline starting at 1354 BC. Here it seems we are being given the names of all of the judges in a sequence much like the lists of kings in Kings and Chronicles. It is this second campaign in his 7th year that aligns with the beginning of the next, 40-year oppression by the Philistines. The stories of Micahs idol and the Levites concubine and subsequent war with Benjamin dont impact the overall chronology, but we will try to place them once we have a chronological framework in place. Also, he has given 32 years total for Samuel and Saul and then gives 12 years for Samuel, so Saul must have a reign of 20 years to maintain consistency with the rest of the book. This location, "between Ramah and Bethel in the hill country of Ephraim," places . Placing Eli in parallel with the 40 year oppression and Samson in parallel with Eli has effectively removed 80 years from our timeline. . That gives us more to compress, but at last we have a full set of numbers to work with. Thus, I leave it to the reader to choose the one they find the most appealing. About Us; Contact Us; Submit an Article; The Siruv List; Advertise on The Jewish Press; Subscribe: Daily Email List; Classifieds; e-Edition; Print . Given that Judges 4:1 ignores Shamgar and links us with Ehud's death, its clear Shamgar's inclusion has no impact on furthering the timeline (although it provides us a nice link back to Judges 2:17). . 10. There were 15 Judges or leaders during the period of the Judges, which lasted more than three centuries. In recent years, arrowheads bearing the names ben-anat and Aramaic bar anat, dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC, have been discovered. If the dating is correct, this may refer to someone that was named after the famous hero. ( Judg. Ive already mentioned Flavius Josephus, but perhaps its time to give him a more formal introduction. But for now, I will proceed with Option 2. Recall that this was the maximum compression option that we initially put to the side. For Shamgar, God kept him from death as he slew the 600 Philistines. Required fields are marked *. Although this article won't dive into everything, it'll highlight two major portions of . We must play. Each of them acted in selfish and disobedient ways, yet it was their faith for which they are commended. He led Israel for eight years. Also, Judges 4:4 indicates that Deborah was already judging Israel before she enlists the help of Barak in defeating Sisera, overlapping into the period of oppression, and continued for an undetermined time afterward. Most importantly, Josephus was in possession of the Hebrew scrolls recovered from Herods temple before its destruction, and so likely had access to information that is now lost to us. The Israelites arrive in Canaan in the reign of Thutmose IV and are established by the reign of Amenhotep III. The total of the years given in the book of Judges is 410. Learn facts that you cant learn just from reading the Bible However, further studies need to be carried out to determine the actual roles of this person in the scriptures. So here goes. The first oppression of eight years is under Cushan-Rishathaim. Figure 7: Ussher / Nolen Jones chronology for the period of the Judges. I Kings 6:1 provides us with the overall span of time between the Exodus and the reign of Solomon: And it came to pass in the four hundred and eightieth year after the children of Israel had come out of the land of Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomons reign over Israel, in the month of Ziv, which is the second month, that he began to build the house of the LORD. Is there any desire to be led by a 'tangible' human being instead of God The first flaw relative to the orthodox chronology is that Jericho was, based on the latest scarabs found in the destruction, destroyed some 300 years before the time of Thutmose IV, during the early Hyksos period. Seeking the Gospel in Malachi, the Last Book of the Old Testament. The political situation in the Levant during this period is largely one of Egyptian control. Gods infinite justice and mercy are on display throughout the book of Judges. 8 Barak said to her, "If you go with me, I will go; but if you don't go with me, I won't go.". On the day of a great feast the Philistines took him out of prison and tied him to two great stone pillars in their temple, planning to make a public spectacle of him. The Oral Tradition classifies her act as one of the rare cases in history of a sin for pure reasons.. 9. (22 years)(Judg 10:3-5) Why Did Christ Ride a Donkey on His Triumphant Entry? It also allows for a more direct reading of scripture in the early part of the chronology. The great temple of Baal Bereth at Shechem shows a destruction by fire in this period, consistent with that attributed to Abimilech in Judges 9. Thus, I will use 32 years as the correct number for this period. This might be expected given that the people of Israel at this time were largely farmers and herdsmen. Nevertheless, he became a true hero performing legendary feats of bravery and strength (see Judges 14:6 and 15:15). This article is about the biblical figure. Again, we have options: Regardless of which option we choose, the basic structure of our timeline will be the same, just squeezed in different ways. Amenhotep II follows up on his fathers efforts with campaigns in his years 2, 7, and 9. He too saved Israel". Beginning with Abimilech, we enter the Late Period (Judges 9-16). The Philistines were, however, vassals of the Egyptian Pharoah. At other times, we may see the Philistines as Pharoahs policemen, assigned to keep order over the various city states, rural villages, and herdsmen in the area. See book the of Ruth. Shamgar merits mention here as one who accomplished something significant and a deliverer of Israel. It also places the 40-year oppression and Samson in parallel with Eli. He would campaign in Canaan and beyond almost annually for a period of 19 years, from his 23rd to 42nd reginal years, including one campaign that specifically mentions the Shasu. Get Your Bible Minute in Your Inbox Every Morning. was not the Leader even the majority of his life: He lived fifty-two years. While Option 1.2 will be appealing to some because it retains the exact number of years given in Judges for the periods of peace, these may still be structural and not exact numbers. But 300 is a round number, and as such may not be precise. Nevertheless, there was still a threat from the north by a king named Yavin, whose fortified city-state lay in the Galilee. If you are keeping score, the 32 years for Samuel and Saul means that we have a mere 65 years remaining to the 300-year mark for Jephthah and 131 years to fit in there. From the 480 years, we must subtract the year it took the children of Israel to reach Mount Sinai, the 40 years they wandered in the wilderness, and the approximately 10 to 25 years they took to conquer the land of Canaan. Samuel also anointed the first king of Israel, Saul, and his successor David. This does not mean that we are to be perpetually solemn. While Israel is oppressed 20 years by Jabin king of Hazor, Deborah judges between Bethel & Ramah: 1204-1184 BC. This time the Philistines were their oppressors. The Book of Judges itself suggests the solution; it implies that certain periods overlapped in time.- For instance, Judges 3:30-4:1 implies that Shamgar judged during the 80 years of peace following Ehud's deliverance from the Moabites. We are now prepared to dig into the information in Judges, beginning with Samson. how many years did shamgar judge israel. 15 Jehovah tells Gideon that his army of 32,000 is too large and that the size may give cause for human bragging about victory. [6] From the form of the name, it is suspected that Shamgar may actually have been a Hittite, a similar name occurring with Sangara, a Hittite king of Carchemish; more recent scholars hold that the name is of Hurrian origin and may well be imig-ari. If we interpret these 40-year intervals as structural and representing a generation (as opposed to being exact numbers), then we can adjust them downward. A left-handed man, Ehud tricked Eglon, king of Moab, and killed him. The Life of Ruth - 5 Essential Faith Lessons, The Greatest Villain - King Nebuchadnezzar. After Joshuas death, there was a slow re-infiltration of the enemies whom he had driven from the land. your ways. Meanwhile, Nolen Jones, recognizing the hard date provided by Jephthah has a different arrangement for Jephthah and the three judges that follow him while agreeing with Ussher on Samson and nearly so on Eli. Judges 10:3-5 Judges 10:6-12:7 Hebrews 11:32 Judges 12:11-12 Joshua 19:15 Judges 12:8-10 Judges 12:13-15 Judges 13:1-16:31 Hebrews 11:32 Judge Description Reference The 12 Judges of Israel 1 SAMUEL Studying the history and culture of the time PAGE 2 TERESASWANSTROMANDERSON.COM G Wisdom BIBLE STUDIES Indicates individuals listed in 1 And the sons of Israel again did what was evil in the eyes of Yahweh after Ehud died. While exact dates are not possible, I do believe that there are clues as to where to place these events on the timeline. According to Judges 3:31, he saved Israel by slaying 600 Philistines with an oxgoad. The capture of the ark was an event of significant importance and had it occurred during the Judges period it would have been recorded there. His career is summarised in Judges 10:1-2. It might seem callous to us that God would order the Israelites to wipe nations off the face of the earth, but only with Gods perfect character and in His economy can a mandate such as herem warfare be instituted. His family is listed among the clans of Judah. The Israelites demanded that Samuel appoint them a king instead (1 Sam 8:3-22), which God told Samuel to do. I have not been able to find a satisfactory link between the name Cushan-Rishathaim and any ruler of this area, though we dont have a complete list for this period, particularly in the context of the New Chronology. In the books of Samuel, Shammah was presented as one of the Three, which was a group of warriors during the time of King David. We thus date the conquest of this area to late 1407 BC and 300 years later would be 1107 BC. EHUD in Hebrew means: strong. francis gray poet england services@everythingwellnessdpc.com (470)-604-9800 ; ashley peterson obituary Facebook. Saul, Hebrew Shaul, (flourished 11th century bc, Israel), first king of Israel (c. 1021-1000 bc). honolulu police department records; spiritual meaning of the name ashley; mississippi election results 2021; charlie spring and nick nelson Recall that we have Jephthah at the 300-year mark or perhaps a bit later. Laish is in northern Israel and was not part of the original territory allocated to Dan by Joshua. At the same time, there are years missing from the total. However, the length of the peace that follows is always 40 years or, in Ehuds case, twice 40 = 80 years. In this timeline, the correspondence between the Pharaoh and his Canaanite vassals regarding the troubles being created by Labaya and the Habiru fit very well with what we know from I Samuel, including Sauls ultimate defeat and the rise of Ishbosheth and David. The New Chronology is perhaps best known from the film Patterns of Evidence: Exodus where its alignment between archaeology and history was highlighted. [ NB: The 450 years of Acts 13:20 is often discussed . Furthermore, in another instance that Shamgar was mentioned in the Bible, this associated the man with the collapse and difficulty in the life of the Israelites. [6] This is the sum of the years from the entry into Canaan using the numbers from Josephus and the 23 years given in Judges for Tola, [7] The last mention of the Philistines in the historical books is II Kings 18:8, in the reign of Hezekiah; however, they would continue to be a presence in the land until they were finally wiped out by Nebuchadnezzar II. ), Ibzan (1081-1075 B.C. Ant 5.84-85 18 years from death of Joshua to first judge. Othniel (Caleb's nephew), Ehud, Shamgar, Deborah (the lone woman), Gideon, Abimelech, Tola, Jair, Jephthah, Ibzan, Elon, Abdon, Samson, Eli and Samuel. Figure 7 shows a composite of the Ussher chronology and that of Nolen Jones, but adjusted for an Exodus in 1446 and 966 as the fourth year of Solomons reign which is the modern consensus following Thiele. Based on where we have placed Jephthah, the campaigns of Thutmose III align exactly with the 18-year oppression by the Philistines and Ammon that is recorded in Judges 10. Nolen Jones approach would allow for a full 40 years under Gideon while still allowing a short gap between Jair and Jephthah. ). In general, Josephus is in very close agreement with the Biblical sources, and he provides numbers to fill in the gaps that we have identified. This period started with the leadership of Moses and finished with Samuel officiating over the crowning of Saul. The differences between the two are highlighted. years. Now these are the nations that the Lord left, to test Israel by them, that is, all in Israel who had not experienced all the wars in Canaan. Ehud rid Israel from Eglon, king of Moab. But Shamgar was one man, one man upon whom the Holy Spirit fell so he could accomplish Gods will for him (and for Gods people). In the late period, the 18-year oppression under the Philistines and Ammon and the start of Jairs judgeship do not move and the extra years in Option 1.2 are accommodated by moving Tola into parallel with Jair. Instead, they left a remnanta remnant who enticed the Israelites to worship Baal (in particular) and to take the other nations daughters in marriage, further cementing their disloyalty to the Lord (Judges 3:6). Eight years: It was many years of bondage before Israel cried out unto the LORD. [7] Scholars also believe that the name of the individual may originally have been Shammah, and became corrupted under the influence of the Shamgar in the Song of Deborah. When it comes to Gideon, readers actually have quite a bit to unpack in Judges 6:11- Judges 8:32. Figure 8: The Judges in the Orthodox Chronology. Note that this solution also gives Samuel a total of 30 years but as 20 alone plus ten overlapping with Saul as opposed to 12 and 18. Abimelech is not numbered as a judge but as a son of a Judge and as a usurper who ruled unjustly. Samuel prayed to the LORD. When she brought him to the Tabernacle at the age of two Eli was the Judge/Leader and he judged Israel for forty years ( Samuel 4:18). Before we begin, I should note that the lack of archaeological links and the level of interpretation necessary means that there is more than one possible chronology for this period, and indeed mine is far from the first attempt. Have you ever felt overlooked? 4a. thing displeased Samuel when they said, Give us a king to judge us. So in your heart when you watch your pastor preach? gayle telfer stevens husband Order Supplement. Scripture records a series of four judges prior to Samson. Shamgar was a minor judge in Israel and little is known about him. Ivo Silveira 8877, km. [8] This article is, in fact, my second attempt at a Judges chronology. At this point, we have a choice. [9] Nolen Jones, Dr. Floyd, The Chronology of the Old Testament, Green Forest, Arkansas, Master Books, 2017, pp71-94. It was only in order that the generations of the people of Israel might know war, to teach war to those who had not known it before (italics added for emphasis). However, the sum total of the years given from Jephthah to Saul is 163 and so we are looking for at least a 66-year reduction. how many years did shamgar judge israel. A:Judges ruled Israel for a period of time that most scholars say was about 325 to 350 years (beginning in app. The New Chronology has not achieved broad acceptance but is worth discussing due to the alignment it creates between the archaeological evidence and this timeline. Shamgar killed 600 Philistines with an ox goad. next 450 years? The first two years his mother nursed him. While the specifics of the period of the judges are fuzzy, scripture does provide clear and easily datable boundaries for this period. Israel. The first number given in Judges is the 8-year oppression by Cushan-Rishathaim recorded in Judges 3:8. 7:3; Deut. How Long In Prison? 2. Jericho as a city was destroyed by Joshua and not rebuilt until the reign of Ahab (I Kings 16:34), so how was it that Eglon had his palace there? You are probably expecting me to start with Joshua and work forward in time. Judges Of Israel See Jeremiah 47:4. Unlike the later period of the Kings, the information provided in Judges lacks both internal and external reference points to allow us to find dates. We find in (1 Sam 8:1-2) that Samuel made his two sons (Joel and Abijah) judges when he became old, but this appears to have been very short-lived as they were corrupt. Salem Media Group. Employing a new secret weapon torches inside glass: the first Molotov Cocktails he took a small army of 300 men and destroyed a Midian army of thousands. [5] Some manuscripts of Josephus have a 40-year reign for Saul in Ant 6.378. Worst of all, worship of the Philistine gods infiltrated Jewish neighborhood and homes. Finally, they ruled on opposite sides of the Jordan which adds to the plausibility of parallel reigns. The conquest of Laish by Dan is recorded in Joshua 19:47 where the city is called Leshem. Jephthah Shamgar is described immediately following the accounts of the first two judges of Israel, Othniel and Ehud. Lisa and her husband, Stephen, a pastor, live in a small Ohio village with their crazy cat, Lewis. The current accepted date for the reign of Solomon is 970-930 BC following Thiele[1]. next 450 years? JOEL (Vashni) in Hebrew means: JAH is God 1st son, 1049BC-1043BC Both were so wicked, they were Judges in Beersheba, and Samuel was so old that Israel who wanted to be like the other nations asked for and got a king. No one could stand against Sisera, including the Jewish people. While Egypt was the primary foreign power for much of this period, no direct interaction with Egypt is recorded. Many Christians have a misconception of what the judges of Israel did for their community. OTHNIEL in Hebrew means: God is force Tribe of Judah 40 years of peace until he died 1373BC-1334BC Judges 3:9-11. how many years did shamgar judge israel. their rejection of God's direct rule, albeit through his judges and - Thus, the 410 years for the events in judges is at least 75 years too long. The Book of Judges describes the activities of these twelve . Add 40 years for the time in the wilderness, 40 years for David, and 4 for Solomon and the total is 534 - 54 years greater than the total given in I Kings. While his teacher was alive, Samuel was not allowed to render legal decisions. What is interesting is that the length of the various oppressions is precise: 8, 18, 20, and 7 years. ), Jair (1126-1105 B.C. According to the biblical account found mainly in I Samuel, Saul was chosen king both by the judge Samuel and by public acclamation. (40 years)(Judg 6:11-8:32) This will give us a good idea of how much compression is still needed in the Early Period. Son of Joash which in Hebrew means: great warrior - Gideon was from the tribe of Manasseh. As a final note, I feel the approach provided in Figure 5 and 6 is superior to that of Ussher in that the archaeological evidence aligns with a later date for Deborah and Barak as noted in the discussion of the Merneptah stele and Hazor destruction layer. Rohl and others have subsequently proposed an alternative chronology going all the way back to the time of the flood. With 10,000 onlookers packing the temple, he mustered his last ounce of strength, collapsed the pillars and literally brought down the house, bringing many of Israels enemies to their deaths along with him. We do not respect them for their follies, we respect them for their faith. We don't find any reference to the Spirit of God in the story of Shamgar, (barely a story). * Abimelech Shamgar is a man of mystery, and he is part of the larger mystery of salvation in the book of Judges. If making everything fit were not enough of a puzzle, we have one other requirement: In all of scripture, there is only one reference that allows us to fix a date for any of the events found in Judges relative to any other point in history. Samuel prayed to the LORD. These are Jephthah (6 years), Ibzan (7 years), Elon (10 years), and Abdon (8 years). This puts the right bookend at 1010 BC at the death of Saul. The Introduction provides a summary of the situation at the end of the conquest of Canaan and then revisits the death of Joshua a sort of here is what you missed from last weeks episode. Hatti [Hittites] is pacified; This article is part of our People from the Bible Series featuring the most well-known historical names and figures from Scripture. 4 Her oversight covered approximately 20 years of national hardship before the Canaanite war and then a peaceful aftermath of 40 years. This took place in the first year of Deborahs reign. The fearful are first sent home, leaving but 10,000. The name Samuel means "God has heard." A Nazarite from birth, Samuel began service as . [9] This has led several recent scholars to theorize that the expression "son of Anath" probably designates a warrior title.[10].