Alphonsus agreed to both requests and set out with his two friends, John Mazzini and Vincent Mannarini, in September, 1730. Entdecke ST. ROSE VON LIMA, SCHWESTER MARY ALPHONSUS katholisches heiliges Buch in groer Auswahl Vergleichen Angebote und Preise Online kaufen bei eBay Kostenlose Lieferung fr viele Artikel! Infidelity and impiety were gaining ground; Voltaire and Rousseau were the idols of society; and the ancien rgime, by undermining religion, its one support, was tottering to its fall. I will love you all my life. He founded the congregation with the charism of preaching popular missions in the city and the countryside. In 1724, soon after Alphonsus left the world, a postulant, Julia Crostarosa, born in Naples on 31 October, 1696, and hence almost the same age as the Saint, entered the convent of Scala. Were the vehement things in his letters and writings, especially in the matter of rebuke or complaint, to appraised as if uttered by an Anglo-Saxon in cold blood, we might be surprised and even shocked. Raised in a pious home, Alphonsus went on retreats with his father, Don Joseph, who was a naval officer and a captain of the Royal Galleys. Much of the material for a complete life of St. Alphonsus is still in manuscript in the Roman archives of the Redemptorist Congregation and in the archives of the Sacred Congregation of Bishops and Regulars. Thank you. Stay up to date with the latest news, information, and special offers. Copyright 2022 Catholic Online. Alphonsus Liguori, CSsR (27 September 1696 1 August 1787), sometimes called Alphonsus Maria de Liguori or Saint Alphonsus Liguori, was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. Confident that some special sacrifice was required of him, though he did not yet know what, he did not return to his profession, but spent his days in prayer, seeking to know God's will. St. Alphonsus, after publishing anonymously (in 1749 and 1755) two treatises advocating the right to follow the less probable opinion, in the end decided against that lawfulness, and in case of doubt only allowed freedom from obligation where the opinions for and against the law were equal or nearly equal. said Alphonsus somewhat piqued. The Ceremonies of the Interment. But to all this secular history about the only reference in the Saint's correspondence which has come down to us is a sentence in a letter of April, 1744, which speaks of the passage of the Spanish troops who had come to defend Naples against the Austrians. The wine had changed into blood; clotted and separated into 5 different sized clots. His very confessor and vicar general in the government of his Order, Father Andrew Villani, joined in the conspiracy. Both last about two hours but are filled with soul-stirring music. This submission altered the original rule, and as a result Alphonsus was denied any authority among the Redemptorists. While the continual intensity of reiterated acts of virtue which we have called driving-power is what really creates sanctity, there is another indispensable quality. Ever mindful of his own sins, Saint Alphonsus saw prayer for the faithful departed as one of the chief duties of Christian charity. Alphonsus, like so many saints, had an excellent father and a saintly mother. Saint Alphonsus Liguori (1696-1787) was a Neapolitan who founded the Redemptorist Order of priests, a congregation dedicated to providing parish missions, especially to the poor in rural areas. The suffering which this brought on Alphonsus, with his sensitive and high-strung disposition, was very great, besides what was worse, the relaxation of discipline and loss of vocations which it caused in the Order itself. His spirituality was both affective and active, centered above all on the passion of Jesus Christ as the principal sign of our Savior's love for us. His masterpiece was The Moral Theology (1748), which was approved by the Pope himself[5] and was born of Liguori's pastoral experience, his ability to respond to the practical questions posed by the faithful and his contact with their everyday problems. . But how was Alphonsus to grow in this so necessary virtue when he was in authority nearly all his life? Updates? Bishop, Doctor of the Church, and the founder of the Redemptorist Congregation. It happened that Alphonsus, ill and overworked, had gone with some companions to Scala in the early summer of 1730. In 1725, while still a novice, she had a series of visions in which she saw a new order (apparently of nuns only) similar to that revealed to Falcoia many years before. "St. Alphonsus Liguori". First Station: Jesus Is Condemned to Death V. We adore you, Christ, and we praise you. To all his administrative work we must add his continual literary labours, his many hours of daily prayer, his terrible austerities, and a stress of illness which made his life a martyrdom. Dissension within the congregation culminated in 1777 when he was deceived into signing what he thought was a royal sanction for his rule. Alphonsus Liguori was not a favorite with the windbags of his day. In April 1729, Alphonsus went to live at the "Chiflese College," founded in Naples by Father Matthew Ripa, the Apostle of China. His father, already displeased at the failure of two plans for his son's marriage, and exasperated at Alphonsus's present neglect of his profession, was likely to offer a strenuous opposition to his leaving the world. Alphonsus, however, was unflagging in his efforts with the Court. In 1762, there was no escape and he was constrained by formal obedience to the Pope to accept the Bishopric of St. Agatha of the Goths, a very small Neapolitan diocese lying a few miles off the road from Naples to Capua. Shop St. Alphonsus Marie Liguori. There is a somewhat unsatisfactory French translation of Tannoia's work. Suddenly he found himself surrounded by a mysterious light; the house seemed to rock, and an interior voice said: "Leave the world and give thyself to Me." I have been mistaken. Alphonsus himself was not spared. Then the storm subsided, and he began to see that his humiliation had been sent him by God to break down his pride and wean him from the world. He was fervent about using common words in . He was now free, subject to the approval of the Bishop of Scala, to act with regard to the convent as he thought best. "[17][18], Liguori's greatest contribution to the Catholic Church was in the area of moral theology. There was a considerable difference in age between the two men, for Falcoia, born in 1663, was now sixty-six, and Alphonsus only thirty-three, but the old priest and the young had kindred souls. St. Alphonsus Liguori, the Prince of Moral Theologians, was one of the greatest preachers in Church history. The difficulty about strong wills and strong passions is that they are hard to tame, but when they are tamed they are the raw material of sanctity. Liguori was a prolific and popular author. A fearful commotion arose. According to this view he chose a different formula from the Jesuit writers, partly because he thought his own terms more exact, and, partly to save his teaching and his congregation as far as possible from the State persecution which after 1764 had already fallen so heavily on the Society of Jesus, and in 1773 was formally to suppress it. A religious founder, consummate theologian, and holy man of God, Saint Alphonsus never failed to utter a stirring word that draws out a lively penitence and redoubled dedication to the work of God from his congregation. Its goal was to teach and preach in the slums of cities and other poor places. [4] Myopia and chronic asthma precluded a military career so his father had him educated in the legal profession. Not less remarkable than the intensity with which Alphonsus worked is the amount of work he did. If in some things Alphonsus was an Anglo-Saxon, in others he was a Neapolitan of the Neapolitans, though always a saint. St. Alphonsus Liguori was an Italian Catholic bishop, spiritual writer, composer, musician, artist, poet, lawyer, scholastic philosopher, and theologian. She became known in religion as Sister Maria Celeste. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Please help support the mission of New Advent and get the full contents of this website as an instant download. Fearful temptations against every virtue crowded upon him, together with diabolical apparitions and illusions, and terrible scruples and impulses to despair which made life a hell. Soon after, Falcoia made known to the latter his vocation to leave Naples and establish an order of missionaries at Scala, who should work above all for the neglected goatherds of the mountains. He continued to live with the Redemptorist community in Pagani, Italy, where he died on 1 August 1787. At his General Audience, 30 March 2011, in St. Peter's Square, the Holy Father presented Saint Alphonsus Liguori, Doctor of the Church. His sermons were very effective at converting those who had been alienated from their faith. It is a matter for friendly controversy, but it seems there was a real difference, though not as great in practice as is supposed, between the Saint's later teaching and that current in the Society. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Alfonso-Maria-de-Liguori, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Biography of St. Alphonsus Liguori. The chapels were centres of prayer and piety, preaching, community, social activities, and education. Psychologically, Alphonsus may be classed among twice-born souls; that is to say, there was a definitely marked break or conversion, in his life, in which he turned, not from serious sin, for that he never committed, but from comparative worldliness, to thorough self-sacrifice for God. On 6 April, 1726, he was ordained deacon, and soon after preached his first sermon. For six years he laboured in and around Naples, giving missions for the Propaganda and preaching to the lazzaroni of the capital. The eighteenth century was one series of great wars; that of the Spanish, Polish, and Austrian Succession; the Seven Years' War, and the War of American Independence, ending with the still more gigantic struggles in Europe, which arose out of the events of 1789. The Decree of 1779, however, seemed a great step in advance. Liguoris extensive works fall into three genres: moral theology, best represented by his celebrated Theologia moralis (1748); ascetical and devotional writings, including Visits to the Blessed Sacrament, The True Spouse of Jesus Christ (for nuns), Selva (for priests), and The Glories of Mary, the latter of which became one of the most widely used manuals of devotion to the Virgin Mary; and dogmatic writings on such subjects as papal infallibility and the power of prayer. Even its Rule was made known to her. Shrines were built there and at St. Agatha of the Goths. The immediate author of what was practically a lifelong persecution of the Saint was the Marquis Tanucci, who entered Naples in 1734. So indeed it proved. Deposed and excluded from his own congregation, Alphonsus suffered great anguish. Today I would like to present to you the figure of a holy Doctor of the Church to whom we are deeply indebted because he was an outstanding moral theologian and a teacher of spiritual . If you have already donated, we sincerely thank you. 1. The favors and graces by which God attested his sanctity 526 CHAPTER XXXVI. One branch of the new Institute seen by Falcoia in vision was thus established. St. Alphonsus Liguori, in full Saint Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, Alphonsus also spelled Alfonso, (born September 27, 1696, Marianella, Kingdom of Naples [Italy]died August 1, 1787, Pagani; canonized 1839; feast day August 1), Italian doctor of the church, one of the chief 18th-century moral theologians, and founder of the Redemptorists, a Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This document gives you the case." It has a tendency at every moment to deflect, and if it does deflect from the right path, the greater the momentum the more terrible the final crash. In 1871 he was named a doctor of the church by Pope Pius IX. He was taught by tutors before entering the University of Naples, where he graduated with doctorates in civil and canon law at 16. There were whole years, indeed, in which the Institute seemed on the verge of summary suppression. The differentia of saints is not faultlessness but driving-power, a driving-power exerted in generous self-sacrifice and ardent love of God. and reportedly performed miracles. Tannoia, also, through some mental idiosyncrasy, manages to give the misleading impression that St. Alphonsus was severe. The other was not to be long delayed. Although the doctors succeeded in straightening the neck a little, the Saint for the rest of his life had to drink at meals through a tube. (London, 1904). Early Christians began the devotion of following the footsteps of Christ's passion. Beatified: September 15, 1816. Cardinals Spinelli, Sersale, and Orsini; Popes Benedict XIV, Clement XIII, Clement XIV, and Pius VI, to each of whom Alphonsus dedicated a volume of his works. It may be he was even too anxious, and on one occasion when he was over-whelmed by a fresh refusal, his friend the Marquis Brancone, Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs and a man of deep piety, said to him gently: "It would seem as if you placed all your trust here below"; on which the Saint recovered his peace of mind. In the 12th and 13th centuries, the tradition of praying the stations of the cross began to develop. An interesting series of portraits might be painted of those who play a part in the Saint's history: Charles III and his minister Tanucci; Charle's son Ferdinand, and Ferdinand's strange and unhappy Queen, Maria Carolina, daughter of Maria Teresa and sister of Marie Antoinette. Many years before, in Rome, Falcoia had been shown a vision of a new religious family of men and women whose particular aim should be the perfect imitation of the virtues of Our Lord. (Rome, 1896). He had nearly completed his ninety-first year. The eighteenth century was not an age remarkable for depth of spiritual life, yet it produced three of the greatest missionaries of the Church, St. Leonard of Port Maurice, St. Paul of the Cross, and St. Alphonsus Liguori. So bent was it in the beginning, that the pressure of his chin produced a dangerous wound in the chest. In bestowing the title of "Prince of Moral Theologians", the church also gave the "unprecedented honour she paid to the Saint in her Decree of 22 July 1831, which allows confessors to follow any of St. Alphonsus's own opinions without weighing the reasons on which they were based". Don Joseph de' Liguori had his faults. Saint Alphonsus Maria de' Liguori, C.Ss.R. . Raised in a pious home, Alphonsus went on retreats with his father, Don Joseph, who was a naval officer and a captain of the Royal Galleys. Even where he is not that, he may generally be trusted, as he was a Boswell in collecting facts. St. Alphonsus appeared a miracle of calm to Tannoia. But in spite of his infirmities both Clement XIII (1758-69) and Clement XIV (1769-74) obliged Alphonsus to remain at his post. At the age of sixteen, on 21 January, 1713, he took his degree as Doctor of Laws, although twenty was the age fixed by the statutes. Two days after he was born, he was baptized at the Church of Our Lady the Virgin as Alphonsus Mary Anthony John Cosmas Damian Michael Gaspard de' Liguori. A respected opponent was the redoubtable Dominican controversialist, P. Vincenzo Patuzzi, while to make up for hard blows we have another Dominican, P. Caputo, President of Alphonsus's seminary and a devoted helper in his work of reform. It was this which gave St. Alphonsus the bent head which we notice in the portraits of him. "I follow my conscience", he wrote in 1764, "and when reason persuades me I make little account of moralists." He spent several years having to drink from tubes because his head was so bent forward. In September of the next year he received the tonsure and soon after joined the association of missionary secular priests called the "Neapolitan Propaganda", membership of which did not entail residence in common. In 1731, while he was ministering to earthquake victims in the town of Foggia, Alphonsus said he had a vision of the Virgin Mother in the appearance of a young girl of 13 or 14, wearing a white veil. The Catholic Encyclopedia. [10] He tried to refuse the appointment by using his age and infirmities as arguments against his consecration. A few months later Alphonsus left his father's house and went to live with Ripa, without, however, becoming a member of his society. This has recently been translated into English with additions and corrections (Dublin, 2 vols., royal SVO); DUMORTIER, Les premihres Redemptoristines (Lille, 1886), and Le Phre Antoine-Marie Tannoia (Paris, 1902), contain some useful information; as does BERRUTI, Lo Spirito di S. Alfonso Maria de Liguori, 3 ed. The "Glories of Mary", "The Selva", "The True Spouse of Christ", "The Great Means of Prayer", "The Way of Salvation", "Opera Dogmatica, or History of the Council of Trent", and "Sermons for all the Sundays in the Year", are the best known. While affecting to treat the novice with severity and to take no notice of her visions, the director was surprised to find that the Rule which she had written down was a realization of what had been so long in his mind. Let's start with the saint. Daily Readings for Friday, March 03, 2023, St. Katharine Drexel: Saint of the Day for Friday, March 03, 2023, Lenten Prayer: Prayer of the Day for Monday, February 27, 2023. Even when taking him into society in order to arrange a good marriage for him, he wished Alphonsus to put God first, and every year father and son would make a retreat together in some religious house. The Saint's complete dogmatic works have been translated into Latin by P. WALTER, C.SS.R., S. Alphonsi Mariae de Liguori Ecclesiae Doctoris Opera Dogmatica, (New York, 1903, 2 vols., 4to). For three days he refused all food. This is a historic Catholic Church in mid-town St. Louis. He had a pleasant smile, and his conversation was very agreeable, yet he had great dignity of manner. In 1723, he decided to offer himself as a novice to the Oratory of St. Philip Neri with the intention of becoming a priest. Many Miracles are wrought through the intercession of Alphonsus. The fifth book has two treatises "De Actibus Humanis" and "De Peccatis"; the sixth is on the sacraments, the seventh and last on the censures of the Church. The foundation faced immediate problems, and after just one year, Alphonsus found himself with only one lay brother, his other companions having left to form their own religious group. In 1762 he was appointed Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti. Born: September 27, 1696. Mimoires sur la vie et la congrigation de St. Alphonse de Liguori (Paris, 1842, 3 vols.). In 1780, a crisis arose in which they did this, yet in such a way as to bring division in the Congregation and extreme suffering and disgrace upon its founder. His austerities were rigorous, and he suffered daily the pain from rheumatism that was beginning to deform his body. Even if there be some exaggeration in this, for it is not in an advocate's power always to be on the winning side, the tradition shows that he was extraordinarily able and successful. Saint Alphonsus Liguori 1696 - 1787. In a civil action a serious preponderance of evidence gives one side the case. It is true that theologians even of the broadest school are agreed that, when an opinion in favour of the law is so much more probable as to amount practically to moral certainty, the less probable opinion cannot be followed, and some have supposed that St. Alphonsus meant no more than this by his terminology. On 28 August, 1723, the young advocate had gone to perform a favourite act of charity by visiting the sick in the Hospital for Incurables. In 1950 he was named patron saint of moralists and confessors by Pope Pius XII. Vague rumours of impending treachery had got about and had been made known to him, but he had refused to believe them. With the aid of two laymen, Peter Barbarese, a schoolmaster, and Nardone, an old soldier, both of whom he converted from an evil life, he enrolled thousands of lazzaroni in a sort of confraternity called the "Association of the Chapels", which exists to this day. Description [ edit] The book was written at a time when some were criticizing Marian devotions, and was written in part as a defense of Marian devotion. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. To this altered Rule or "Regolamento", as it came to be called, the unsuspecting Saint was induced to put his signature. These form the first book of the work, while the second contains the treatises on Faith, Hope, and Charity. d.kellysaintalphonsus.com Website Website Website Website Website Alyce Gilarski Business Manager / Ministry of Care 847-255-7452, x143 a.gilarskisaintalphonsus.com Dr. Carol Holden DRE, Grades K-8 847-255-9490 x116 c.holdensaintalphonsus.com Dee Munroe Religious Education Administrative Assistant 847-255-9490 x104 d.munroesaintalphonsus.com He was buried at the monastery of the Pagani near Naples. Riding and fencing were his recreations, and an evening game of cards; he tells us that he was debarred from being a good shot by his bad sight. Addeddate He was not afraid of making up his mind. MIRACLES RELATED BY ST. ALPHONSUS LIGUORI from his book The Glories of Mary Some persons, boasting of being free from prejudices, take great credit to themselves for believing no miracles but those recorded in the holy scriptures, esteeming all others as tales and fables for foolish women. This occurred twice. On 23 October of the same year, 1723, the Saint put on the clerical dress. The latest life, BERTHE, Saint Alphonse de Liguori (Paris, 1900, 2 vols. It was through Louis Florent Gillet, Redemptorist priest and co-founder of the Sisters of IHM that we have been gifted with the legacy of St. Alphonsus Liguori. When we cannot make it to daily Mass, however, we can still make an Act of Spiritual Communion. His perseverance was indomitable. He was helped in this by his turn of mind which was extremely practical. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. To follow an opinion in favour of liberty without weighing it, merely because it is held by someone else, would have seemed to Alphonsus an abdication of the judicial office with which as a confessor he was invested. He said himself that he was so small at the time as to be almost buried in his doctor's gown and that all the spectators laughed. He knew how to reach ordinary people who had limited education and very real needs. In vain those around him and even the judge on the bench tried to console him. He wrote sermons, books, and articles to encourage devotion to the Blessed Sacrament and the Blessed Virgin Mary. Alphonsus was what we call a "gifted" student today. Catholic Online is a Project of Your Catholic Voice Foundation, a Not-for-Profit Corporation. If you donate just $5.00, the price of your coffee, Catholic Online School could keep thriving. [11], Liguori was consecrated Bishop of Sant'Agata dei Goti in 1762. Alphonsus said nothing in his "Moral Theology" which is not the common teaching of Catholic theologians.
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