South of Earlington, the tornado derailed a train, moving several rail cars several feet up an embankment next to the railroad tracks. Rescuers continued to search for survivors Monday after tornadoes tore through Kentucky and neighboring states over the weekend, devastating entire towns and killing dozens of people. Weather History. Amazon truck cabs are seen outside a damaged Amazon Distribution Center after it was hit by a tornado, Dec. 11, 2021, in Edwardsville, Ill. Michael B. Thomas/Getty Images The deadliest tornado in Kentucky history was March 27, 1890, when 76 people died, according to the National Weather Service. [7] Initial storms developed across central Arkansas around 2:00p.m. CST (20:00UTC), with even weaker activity developing over central Missouri a little over .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1+12 hours later; additional clusters of thunderstorms developed over southwestern Missouri (forming between Bolivar and Carthage, eventually back-building into northeastern Oklahoma) and central Arkansas (forming southwest of Hot Springs) between 5:00 and 5:30p.m. CST (23:0023:30UTC). [63] More than 4,500 people attended a tornado relief concert in August 2022. Another person remains missing in Lake County, he said. A house along KY 339 had its roof torn off, and many trees and power poles were downed in this area. [54] Among the fatalities was District Judge Brian Crick, who represented Muhlenberg and McLean counties, as confirmed in a statement from the Supreme Court of Kentucky on December 11. Deaths: 24
He joined the newspaper in September 2021 after previously working with . NWS Paducah plansto document the recovery of cities and towns that were devastatedduring this tornado outbreak. The tornado again reached EF4 intensity as it tore directly through the small community of Cambridge Shores, located along the western shore of Kentucky Lake. Damaged vehicles and personal property are strewn over a wide area, Dec. 11, 2021, in Bremen, Ky, after a devastating tornado swept through the area overnight. The EF-3 tornado had peak winds of at least 155 mph, according to the National Weather Service. By Emily Shapiro, Max Golembo, Daniel Peck, Mark Osborne, and Meredith Deliso December 11, 2021, 4:45 PM 5:15 Chelsea Emmons holds onto a cat that belongs to her mother, Kim Gof.Read More About. (NOAA/NASA), Before and after satellite imagery of the Cambridge Shores community on Kentucky Lake in Marshall County. Its. The tornado produced those 57 fatalities in multiple locations along its extended damage path, killing 24 people in Graves County (which also saw more than 200 of the total injuries), 15 in Hopkins County, 11 in Muhlenberg County, 4 in Caldwell County, and 1 person each in Fulton, Marshall, and Lyon counties. The largest and most devastating of the five tornadoes that ripped into Kentucky overnight Saturday tore through hundreds of miles and multiple states. Beshear has activated the National Guard, with 181 guardsmen deployed for search and rescue and recovery operations. Despite a COVID-19 surge in Kentucky, Beshear said hospitals were in good shape. Sun 12 Dec 2021 08.32 EST First published on Sun 12 Dec 2021 00.57 EST. "We are strong, resilient people, and we will be there every step of the way.". Documentary titled "The Deadliest Tornado Outbreak in 10 Years: December 10th, 2021 - A Retrospective" which includes NWS and SPC interviews, Tornado outbreak of December 1011, 2021 Meteorological synopsis, Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks, List of F4 and EF4 tornadoes (2020present), "Dec 8, 2021 0830 UTC Day 3 Severe Thunderstorm Outlook", "Dec 9, 2021 0700 UTC Day 2 Convective Outlook", "Dec 10, 2021 1630 UTC Day 1 Convective Outlook", "Deadly path: How tornadoes ripped through states", "December tornadoes aren't rare, but Friday's outbreak was something totally different", "The record-breaking tornadoes that swept the United States, by the numbers", "An overview of the Mesoscale Discussions", "How Friday night's rare and deadly December tornado outbreak unfolded", "Many trapped, two dead as tornado hits nursing home in Arkansas -media", "Environment Canada issues wind warning for most of southern Ontario", "Storm Event Database 2021-12-10 20:54 CST-6", "Some ground scouring along Hwy 51 between Clinton and Fulton, KY", "At least 70 feared dead in Kentucky as tornadoes rip through swaths of U.S.", "Catastrophic tornado damage reported in Mayfield, Kentucky", "Thousands without heat, water after tornadoes kill dozens", "Kentucky tornadoes: 8 confirmed dead at candle factory, 8 still missing", "Factory workers threatened with firing if they left before tornado, employees say", "Deadly tornadoes, storms strike US; roof collapse at Amazon", "Kentucky tornado death toll: 50 people have been confirmed dead after storms by officials", "Severe tornado hits Mayfield, Kentucky, destroying buildings; Police say loss of life 'expected', "Usually, we can call these "hail spikes." Its 165.7 mile long path length was on the longest for a tornado in U.S. history. The
Drone footage from storm chaser Brandon Clement shows the devastation left by a powerful storm in Mayfield, Kentucky. Seventy-sixpeople have been confirmed dead, Kentucky Gov. Once the tornado crossed Fort Campbell Blvd, additional damage to electrical transmission lines was observed including over a dozen wood poles snapped. "This has been one of the toughest nights in Kentucky history,and some areas have been hit in ways that are hard to put into words," Beshear said. of Oklahoma), Regional radar loop across the Lower Ohio and Mid-Mississippi River valleys from 6 PM Dec. 10 to 8 AM Dec. 11. Structures destroyed: 21, Hickman County, KY:
[57] It was rated high-end EF4, with an estimated peak wind speed of 190mph (310km/h). In Bremen, the tornado claimed the lives of 11 residents of the town of 300 people. SCOTT COUNTY, Ky. (LEX 18) When storms roll in to Scott County, a lot of people think back to the early-morning of December 6, 2021. Deaths: 11
[70], Accusations that factory management prohibited workers from leaving the candle factory in Mayfield before the tornado struck were reported on December 13. [26], The tornado reached a peak width of 1.5 miles (2.4km), and was on the ground for nearly three hours, tracking 165.6 miles (266.5km) from Woodland Mills to Rough River Dam State Resort Park. In Tennessee, four people died as a result of the storms, Tennessee Emergency Management Agency Chief of Staff Alex Pellom said. . A potent storm system moved across the central United States on December 10-11, 2021 resulting in widespread severe weather. The first observed damage was in Newbern near Washington Street. Tornadoes were also confirmed on the ground in Mayfield, Kentucky, at about 9:30 p.m. local time and in Princeton, Kentucky, just after 10 p.m. Map of storm reports and warning polygons, (red=Tornado Warning, yellow=Severe Tstm Warning), Convoy of Hope in Lyon County (Lyon County EMA), Rebuilding homes in Lyon County (Lyon County EMA), Delivering new appliances to tornado victims in Lyon County (Lyon County EMA). . [22][23], Effects from the system responsible for the outbreak extended into Canada, where the Meteorological Service of Canada issued wind and heavy rainfall warnings for portions of Ontario. Click to enlarge. Kentucky tornadoes: governor says death toll expected to grow as crews sift through ruins. Destruction in Cambridge Shores looking east across Kentucky Lake. As it moved through forested areas, it uprooted thousands of trees. Tornado #3 - EF-1Tornado near Central City, KY. A relatively weak and short-lived tornado occurred on the evening of December 10, 2021,in central Muhlenberg County prior to the larger and more powerful EF-4 tornado in northern parts of the county. Damage to a house in rural Hickman County. The governor declared a state of emergency and submitted a request for a federal emergency declaration. The tornado tracked northeast over mostly open country before causing significant damage to several homes off of Boddie Road and Darnell Road. Hundreds of trees were downed in this area, and a couple of structures sustained minor damage. The tornado was the deadliest in U.S. history to occur in the month of December. Deaths: 15
Satellite Here are the latest weather forecasts for Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas. 24/7 coverage of breaking news and live events. User Defined Area Forecast "It's a very dire situation at this point," Beshear said. (NWS Storm Survey), Ground level view of the destruction in downtown Mayfield. EF2 damage was noted as it tracked into Graves County, closely paralleling I-69 and US 45 directly toward the city of Mayfield. One tornado potentially was on the ground for 227 miles, Beshear said, devastating towns like Mayfield and Princeton late Friday. [74] The following January, the factory closed and Mayfield Consumer Products laid off approximately 250 workers there, shifting operations and the remaining workers to a new plant in the nearby town of Hickory.[75]. A road sign along the Western Kentucky Parkway was blown about a tenth of a mile near the end of the track. [11] One of the first tornadoes associated with the storm, an EF0, touched down in western Poinsett County (near Weiner) around 6:40p.m. CST; about fifteen minutes later, storm spotters reported a large tornado near Greenfield, prompting a PDS tornado warning for portions of Poinsett, Craighead and Mississippi counties (including areas to the south of Jonesboro). The tornado struck a well constructed single
[1] The second significant tornado in an exceedingly long-tracked tornado family, this tornado began just inside northern Obion County, Tennessee, a few miles after another long-tracked EF4 tornado which traveled through northeast Arkansas, the Missouri Bootheel, and northwest Tennessee dissipated in western Obion County. It was the deadliest and longest-tracked tornado in an outbreak that produced numerous strong tornadoes in several states; 57 fatalities were confirmed in the tornado. During the late evening of Friday, December 10, 2021, a violent, long-tracked EF4 tornado moved across Western Kentucky, producing severe to catastrophic damage in numerous towns, including Mayfield, Princeton, Dawson Springs, and Bremen. Sat 11 Dec 2021 18.29 EST First published on Sat 11 Dec 2021 08.28 EST. 12:01am CST #SPC_Watch WW 2 TORNADO AR KY MO TN 010555Z - 011300Z, #arwx #kywx #mowx #tnwx, https://t.co . SKYWARN Cars were thrown, copious amounts of structural debris were strewn in all directions, countless trees were shredded and debarked, and only rubble remained in the hardest-hit neighborhoods. Three other tornadoes were reported in Kentucky overnight, though those storms are believed to have been smaller than the one that hit Mayfield. [21][15], Multiple PDS tornado warnings and tornado emergencies were also issued as well in Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri. of Oklahoma), Regional radar loop across the Lower Ohio and Lower Mississippi River valleys from 6 PM Dec. 10 to 8 AM Dec. 11. As many as 70 people are believed to have been killed in western Kentucky, and the death toll could exceed 100, according to Gov. Experimental Graphical Hazardous Weather Outlook, Evansville Local Standard Radar (low bandwidth), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Before and after satellite imagery of downtown Mayfield. Tornado damaged businesses after multiple tornadoes tore through the area, Dec. 11, 2021, in Mayfield, Ky. A line of severe storms sparked tornadoes overnight in Missouri, Kentucky, Illinois and Arkansas. A violent, long-track tornado entered Fulton County in western Kentucky from Obion County in northwest Tennessee shortly before 9:00 p.m. CST. It moved through an abandoned coal strip mine, overturning a large section of a coal conveyor belt, snapping many trees, and downing power poles. A fire department building had its roof torn off, and large metal boat storage buildings were also destroyed. In Kentucky, it struck Mayfield directly before moving northeast through Benton, Princeton and Beaver Dam before weakening in Breckinridge County. [62], In Marshall County, containing the heavily-damaged community of Cambridge Shores, 356 structures were destroyed or 'made uninhabitable', and 341 more sustained light or moderate damage. Its path length of 165 miles was the ninth longest tornado path ever recorded in the U.S. Injuries: 5
Please try another search. The Enhanced Fujita (EF) Scale classifies tornadoes into the following categories: Tornado devastation in Mayfield on December 11, 2021. South of Earlington, the tornado derailed a train, moving several rail cars several feet up an embankment next to the railroad tracks. [36] Several restaurants, an indoor soccer facility, a barber shop, automotive business, gym, bank, movie theatre, health and rehab center, and many other businesses were destroyed in downtown Mayfield. Two anchored mobile homes were also swept away and destroyed, with their frames tossed and bent, one of which was thrown 100 yards (91m). Some logistics facilities and warehouses were leveled in an industrial park as the tornado exited town, and several metal self-storage unit buildings and large garages were obliterated nearby. Cars were thrown from the parking lot into adjacent fields, metal light poles were ripped from their concrete footings, and ground scouring was noted as well. Some outbuildings were also damaged or destroyed in this area. Click here for an interactive StoryMap about the tornado outbreak that occurred across the region. Michael Dossett, director of Kentucky's Division of Emergency Management, compared the storms to the April 1974 outbreak that spawned hundreds of tornadoes across several states and killed more than 30 in Kentucky alone. [5], As an intense upper-level trough progressed across the High Plains, with robust instability and moisture return realized across the Mississippi Valley, the SPC expanded the enhanced risk and introduced a moderate risk area from northeastern Arkansas into southern Illinois on the morning of December 10. During the second, more intense tornado, peak gate-to-gate velocities of 128mph (206km/h; 111kn) were recorded at 9:58p.m. CST (04:58 UTC) over northeastern Marshall County, Kentucky. Injuries: 200 to 225
In all, there were 15 fatalities, 200 injuries, and over 1500 damaged structures in Hopkins County. A music venue housed in an old school building was badly damaged, and the Cayce Volunteer Fire Department building was totally destroyed, with the metal beams of the structure being severely twisted, while pieces of heavy machinery were tossed around. Several buildings and homes in downtown Dresden suffered significant damage or were completely destroyed. The small community of Cayce in Fulton County was struck directly at 9:01 p.m. Tornado . After crossing Kentucky Lake, the tornado thrashed across the Land Between the Lakes National Recreation Area, where thousands of trees were ravaged. A tale of two loads of Kentucky tornado relief collected, distributed, with owner-op Daniel Koors (Podcast Episode 2021) Movies, TV, Celebs, and more. Lucas Aulbach can be reached at laulbach@courier-journal.com, 502-582-4649 or on Twitter @LucasAulbach. Our thoughts and prayers are with the victims, their loved ones, and everyone impacted by the storm. (NWS Storm Survey). The tornado initially caused minor damage to trees and roofs as it moved through the north side of Woodland Mills, crossing SR 5. "Heartbreaking devastation and loss of life from tornadoes and severe weather across the Midwest and South," he said on Twitter, adding that DHS and FEMA "stand ready to assist the people of Kentucky, Arkansas, Illinois, Missouri and Tennessee.". Sorry, the location you searched for was not found. We hope for a miracle', "Was the tornado that hit Mayfield an EF5? Several dozen workers were able to escape from the building on their own, Edwardsville Police Chief Michael Fillback said Saturday morning. The tornado then crossed KY 54, where the last area of EF2 damage occurred, as a frail home was destroyed and left with only a few walls standing, and large trees were snapped, one of which fell on and destroyed a car. We also want to thank all the first responders for their ongoing efforts on scene.". Several outbuildings and mobile homes were also obliterated in the Cayce area. After leaving Mayfield, the tornado weakened, producing damage at EF2 to EF3 strength and continuing northeast along I-69. Live updates: Deadly tornadoes slam through six states One of the most devastated sites is the southwestern Kentucky city of Mayfield, where a tornado hit the Mayfield Consumer Products. A 58th fatality was the result of a heart attack while clearing debris and is listed as indirect. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Aerial view of EF4 damage in Mayfield, Kentucky, on December 12, one of several towns impacted by the tornado. "I say to all the victims, you're in our prayers.". [41] Damage continued through the Briensburg community at EF2 intensity, where homes sustained partial to total roof loss, outbuildings were damaged or destroyed, and a metal truss tower collapsed. However, the National Weather Service did not confirm this.[48][49]. [1] It will be a "miracle" if anyone is found alive at this point, he said during a briefing Saturday afternoon. University of Kentucky Research and Education Center south of Princeton. It crossed US 231, I-165, and KY 69 near Hartford, along with the Rough River twice. (NWS Storm Survey), Graves County Courthouse in downtown Mayfield. family brick home near Bear Creek where it took off the roof and top story. It then continued to travel northeast where it passed Indian Branch and Morgan Branch where it continued to uproot trees and destroyed some farm outbuildings, lifted the roofs off of some single and double wide mobile homes and completely flattened some barns and single wide structures. Photos by Jeff Stevens on facebook", "Tragic tornado damage to neighborhood on NW side of Bremen, KY", "Kentucky district judge confirmed dead in tornado outbreak", "NWS Damage Survey for 12/10/2021 Tornado Event Ohio/Breckinridge/Grayson County Kentucky Tornado", "One Year Later, Tornado Recovery Continues to Make Progress", "Kentucky tornado survivors living in limbo nearly one year later", "Kentucky hardest hit as storms leave dozens dead in 5 states", "Governor Andy Beshear declares a State of Emergency after Western Kentucky tornadoes", "Mayfield, Ky., mayor: 'There's always hope. With a confirmed death toll of 57, it was the deadliest single tornado in the United States since the Joplin, Missouri tornado on May 22, 2011, ten years earlier. Hourly Forecasts The next tornado then touched back down just to the east across the Todd/Logan County line. Click here for an interactive radar loop for the entire event. Officials in Kentucky reported 77 fatalities statewide on Friday with just one person still missing after several tornadoes devastated the state a week ago. "One block from my grandparents' house, there's no house standing," Beshear said. [26], Soon after, it intensified again and crossed into Caldwell County, producing EF4 damage as it impacted the south edge of Princeton, where a tornado emergency was issued. In a statement Saturday night, Kelly Nantel, an Amazon spokesperson, said: "Were deeply saddened by the news that members of our Amazon family passed away as a result of the storm in Edwardsville, IL. The tornado reached Hickman County at 9:06 p.m., where the tornado damaged 40 buildings, with at least 12 buildings completely destroyed. At least 1,000 . Structures destroyed or uninhabitable:356, Lyon County, KY:
Observed Precipitation, RADAR ), 12 dic (EFE).- Pasadas 24 horas desde que un poderoso tornado asol la pequea localidad estadounidense de Mayfield, en Kentucky, el rescate contina en lo que era una . Many homes were destroyed along this portion of the path, including several that were obliterated and completely swept away, with little debris remaining. Track Map (Screenshot taken from interactive map above), Tornado #2 - Long-Track EF-3 across NW TN into W KY. A church and a business were damaged nearby, and further weakening occurred further to the northeast, where EF0 to EF1 damage to trees and structures was noted. Paducah, KY, FORECASTS :EF3, or higherEarly estimates of the strength and size of the main Kentucky tornado. Once the tornado moved out of Pembroke, two mobile homes were completely
Hazardous Weather Support The tornado produced EF-4 damage in Cayce, including the total destruction of buildings and complete collapse of the walls in family homes. Several duplexes were destroyed at Clarkdale Court, including one that was leveled with only a pile of debris remaining. Deaths: 0
The concrete foundation was scoured away. The tornado continued northeast causing mostly tree damage before completely destroying four tobacco barns and damaging three equipment garages off of Bradshaw Road. Still producing violent EF-4 damage, numerous homes and pieces of infrastructure suffered catastrophic damage. Interactive Damage Survey Map- Zoom in and click the points to see damage information and pictures. [26][56] Damage of up to high-end EF2 intensity occurred beyond this point as the tornado crossed Humble Valley Road, Halls Creek Road, and Mount Vernon Road before passing north of Olaton. Shortly before 7 p.m. local time, a "large and extremely dangerous tornado" was confirmed near Jonesboro, Arkansas, moving northeast at 60 mph, according to the National Weather Service. Large metal silos were crumpled and heavily damaged at a granary, and the large Mayfield water tower was toppled and destroyed. Emmons found the cat hiding in a dresser drawer. The tornado began in Obion County, in northwest Tennessee, and tracked across 11 counties in western Kentucky: Fulton, Hickman, Graves, Marshall, Lyon, Caldwell, Hopkins, Muhlenberg, Ohio, Breckenridge, and Grayson. Around 10:55 p.m. the tornado left Hopkins County and entered Muhlenberg County, reaching the small community of Bremen at 11:00 p.m. Several homes experienced catastrophic EF-4 damage here. The Paducah officealso saidan aerial assessment of damage appearedto show an "historic long track tornado" that was at least three-quarters of a mile wide in Kentucky as it went from southwest of Cayce in Fulton County to at least Beaver Dam in Ohio County. The worst of the damage occurred near the Dawson Springs park, where several homes were completely destroyed, including a few low rise apartment buildings. Numerous large trees were snapped, denuded, and debarked, and vehicles were thrown in this area. ", Kentucky tornado donations:How to donate to Kentucky tornado relief funds, blood drives. Click to enlarge. of Oklahoma), Radar Loop from KPAH from 8:46 PM CST to 10:02 PM CST, 9:27 PM CST: Clockwise from top left: Base Reflectivity, Base Velocity, Storm Relative Velocity, Correlation Coefficient KPAH at Mayfield, KY, Radar Loop from KHPX from 9:55 PM CST to 11:22 PM CST, 10:36 PM CST: Clockwise from top left: Base Reflectivity, Base Velocity, Storm Relative Velocity, Correlation Coefficient KHPX near Dawson Springs, KY, SPC Day 1 Outlook update issued at 10:18 AM, SPC Day 1 Tornado Probability issued at 10:18 AM, SPC Day 1 Wind Probability issued at 10:18 AM, SPC Day 1 Hail Probability issued at 10:18 AM. It should have shut down':Inside the final frantic hours of the Mayfield candle factory. One such stormwhich formed from the initial mid-afternoon activity near Arkadelphia, Arkansasmatured into a long-lived supercell as it progressed in an unstable, deeply moist, and highly sheared environment;[10] this cell ultimately persisted for longer than 550 miles (890km) over several hours from eastern Arkansas to northeastern Kentucky, producing two large and intense tornadoes along its track, among eleven tornadoes in total. The tornado then crossed into Todd County where mostly tree damage and damage to farm/outbuildings were observed. The tornado began in the community of Woodland Mills in Obion County, Tennessee along Woodland Mills Road at 8:54p.m. CST (02:54 UTC), produced by the same supercell that had previously produced another violent long-tracked tornado that affected northeast Arkansas, the Missouri Bootheel, and northwest Tennessee, near Reelfoot Lake. [12], Doppler radar analysis estimated that the supercell maintained a nearly continuous high-end rotational vorticity signature, averaging at 94mph (151km/h; 82kn) for approximately four hours and 20 minutes, among a rarity of thunderstorms (averaging 1.5% of all supercells) that produce mesocyclonic vorticity exceeding such speeds. Aerial footage of damage in Dawson Springs. A neighborhood near the Princeton Golf and Country Club was hit at 10:18 p.m., and several structures experienced EF-4 tornado damage. Structures destroyed: 45, Caldwell County, KY:
Continuing into northern Muhlenberg County, yet another tornado emergency was issued for the community of Bremen as the tornado approached from the southwest. The most severe damage in Caldwell County occurred as the tornado passed just south of Princeton. "We don't know where all those people are.". Numerous homes were completely leveled in Cambridge Shores, including multiple large lakeside homes that were flattened or swept away. [61] The tornado destroyed primarily low-income rental housing units, leading to a depleted stock of affordable housing in the city; the Mayfield Housing Authority reported that it had more than 700 requests for one-bedroom units almost a year after the tornado. The storm originated in Arkansas, according to Kentucky Division of Emergency Management director Michael Dossett, and touched down in Missouri and Tennessee before making its way into the Bluegrass State, where it ripped through the western half of the state before finally weakening in central Kentucky. A neighborhood near the Princeton Golf and Country Club was hit at 10:18 p.m., and several structures experienced EF-4 tornado damage. Most of the damage in this area was to farm buildings, but some homes near the town of Hartford in Ohio County suffered EF-3 damage. [37] 22 people were killed in and around Mayfield, with hundreds more injured, many severely.[38][39][40][26]. A deadly late-season tornado outbreak, the deadliest on record in December, produced catastrophic damage and numerous fatalities across portions of the Southern United States and Ohio Valley from the evening of December 10 to the early morning of December 11, 2021. Structures damaged: 341
Damage estimates were in the millions according to the owners for just this one farm. On December 12, 2021, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA's Aqua satellite acquired this natural-color image of the tornado track across western Kentucky near Mayfield. The tornado moved into Hickman County and appeared to intensify dramatically as it crossed US 51, where extreme ground scouring occurred in nearby fields. Bowling Green and Mayfield, Ky., sustained damage after tornadoes ripped through five U.S. states overnight, on Dec. 11, 2021. Tornado Watch Issued Friday; Activity Planner, CLIMATE AND PAST WEATHER
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